ImageMagick: Resources

Configuration Files • Modules • Fonts • Environment Variables

ImageMagick depends on a number of external resources including configuration files, loadable modules, fonts, and environment variables.

Configuration Files

ImageMagick depends on a number of external configuration files detailed here:

coder.xml

Associate an image format with the specified coder module. ImageMagick has a number of coder modules to support the reading and/or writing of an image format (e.g. JPEG). Some coder modules support more than one associated image format and the mapping between an associated format and its respective coder module is defined in this configuration file. For example, the PNG coder module not only supports the PNG image format, but the JNG and MNG formats as well.

colors.xml

Associate a color name with its red, green, blue, and alpha intensities. A number of command line options require a color parameter. It is often convenient to refer to a color by name (e.g. white) rather than by hex value (e.g. #fff). This file maps a color name to its equivalent red, green, blue, and alpha intensities (e.g. for white, red = 255, green = 255, blue = 255, and alpha = 0).

configure.xml

Set ImageMagick build parameters and system-wide environment variables (e.g. MAGICK_TEMPORARY_PATH). As ImageMagick is built, a number of build parameters are saved to this configuration file. They include the version, release date, dependent delegate libraries, and quantum depth among others.

delegates.xml

Associate delegate programs with certain image formats. ImageMagick relies on a number of delegate programs to support certain image formats such as ufraw-batch to read raw camera formats or Ghostscript to read Postscript images. Use this configuration file to map an input or output format to an external delegate program.

english.xml

Associate message tags with English translations.

francais.xml

Associate message tags with French translations.

locale.xml

Associate message tags with a translation for your locale. ImageMagick has a number of informational, warning, and error messages that are represented as tags. Tags are short descriptions of a message such as FileNotFound or MemoryAllocationFailed. This configuration file lists locales that have a translation for each tag recognized by ImageMagick. Currently only English and French translations are available in the english.xml and francais.xml configuration files.

log.xml

Configure logging parameters. ImageMagick is capable of spewing copious amounts of informational or debugging statements. Use this file to configure how the information will appear in a log message and where you want the logging messages posted.

magic.xml

Associate an image format with a unique identifier. Many image formats have identifiers that uniquely identify a particular image format. For example, the GIF image format always begins with GIF8 as the first 4 characters of the image. ImageMagick uses this information to quickly determine the type of image it is dealing with when it reads an image.

mime.xml

Associate an internet media type with a unique identifier. Many files and data streams have identifiers that uniquely identify a particular internet media type. For example, files in the "Corel Draw drawing" format (mime type="application/vnd.corel-draw") are associated with the filename pattern *.cdr, and also have an initial string of the characters "CDRXvrsn". ImageMagick uses combinations of this information, when available, to attempt to quickly determine the internet media type of a file or data stream.

policy.xml

Configure ImageMagick policies. By default any coder, delegate, filter, or file path is permitted. Use a policy to deny access to, for example, the MPEG video delegate, or permit reading images from a file system but deny writing to that same file system. Or use the resource policy to set resource limits. Policies are useful for multi-user servers that want to limit the overall impact ImageMagick has on the system. For example, to limit the maximum image size in memory to 100MB:

<policy domain="resource" name="area" value="100MB"/>

Any image larger than this area limit is cached to disk rather than memory. Use width to limit the maximum width of an image in pixels. Exceed this limit and an exception is thrown and processing stops.

<policy domain="resource" name="width" value="100MP"/>

To limit the elapsed time of any ImageMagick command to 5 minutes, use this policy:

<policy domain="resource" name="time" value="300"/>

Define arguments for the memory, map, area, and disk resources with SI prefixes (.e.g 100MB). In addition, resource policies are maximums for each instance of ImageMagick (e.g. policy memory limit 1GB, the -limit 2GB option exceeds policy maximum so memory limit is 1GB).

quantization-table.xml

Custom JPEG quantization tables. Activate with -define:q-table=quantization-table.xml.

thresholds.xml

Set threshold maps for ordered posterized dither.

type.xml

Configure fonts. Define the font name, family, foundry, style, format, metrics, and glyphs for any font you want to use within ImageMagick.

type-ghostscript.xml

Configure Ghostscript fonts. The Ghostscript package includes a number of fonts that can be accessed with ImageMagick.

type-windows.xml

Associate names with Windows font glyphs.

Under Unix and Linux, ImageMagick searches for each of the configuration files listed above by looking in the locations given below, in order, and loads them if found:

$MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH
$PREFIX/etc/ImageMagick-7 
$PREFIX/share/ImageMagick-7 
$HOME/.config/ImageMagick/
<client path>/etc/ImageMagick/

The environmental variable $PREFIX is the default install path (e.g. /usr/local). The client path is the execution path of your ImageMagick client (e.g. /usr/local) .

For the Unix or Linux pre-compiled uninstalled binary distributions, the configuration load order is:

$MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH
$MAGICK_HOME/etc/ImageMagick
$MAGICK_HOME/share/ImageMagick-7.0.0 
$PREFIX/share/ImageMagick-7.0.0 
$HOME/.config/ImageMagick/
<client path>/etc/ImageMagick/
<current directory>

Under Windows, ImageMagick searches for these configuration files in the following order, and loads them if found:

$MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH
<windows registry>
$PREFIX/config
$USERPROFILE/.config/ImageMagick/
<client path>

Above, $PREFIX is the default install path, typically c:\\Program Files\\ImageMagick-7.0.0.

For an uninstalled Windows installation, the configuration load order is:

$MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH
$MAGICK_HOME
$USERPROFILE/.config/ImageMagick/
client path
<current directory>

If a configuration file cannot not be found, ImageMagick relies on built-in default values.

Modules

Coders

An image coder (i.e. encoder / decoder) is responsible for registering, optionally classifying, optionally reading, optionally writing, and unregistering one image format (e.g. PNG, GIF, JPEG, etc.). ImageMagick searches for coders in the following order and it uses the first match found:

$MAGICK_HOME/lib/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/coders/
<client path>/../lib/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/coders/
$MAGICK_HOME/lib/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/coders
$MAGICK_HOME/share/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/coders
$HOME/.config/ImageMagick/
<client path>/lib/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/coders

Filters

ImageMagick provides a convenient mechanism for adding your own custom image processing algorithms. ImageMagick searches for filters in the following order and it uses the first match found:

$MAGICK_HOME/lib/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/filters/
<client path>/../lib/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/filters/
$MAGICK_HOME/lib/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/filters
$MAGICK_HOME/share/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/filters
$HOME/.config/ImageMagick/
<client path>/lib/ImageMagick-7.0.0/modules-Q16/filters

Fonts

ImageMagick is able to load raw TrueType and Postscript font files. It searches for the font configuration file, type.xml, in the following order, and loads them if found:

$MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH
$MAGICK_HOME/etc/ImageMagick/
$MAGICK_HOME/share/ImageMagick-7.0.0/
$HOME/.config/ImageMagick/
<client path>/etc/ImageMagick/
$MAGICK_FONT_PATH

Environment Variables

Environment variables recognized by ImageMagick include:

HOME	Set path to search for configuration files in `$HOME/.config/ImageMagick` if the directory exists.
LD_LIBRARY_PATH	Set path to the ImageMagick shareable libraries and other dependent libraries.
MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT	Set the maximum `width * height` of an image that can reside in the pixel cache memory. Images that exceed the area limit are cached to disk (see MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT) and optionally memory-mapped.
MAGICK_CODER_FILTER_PATH	Set search path to use when searching for filter process modules (invoked via -process). This path permits the user to extend ImageMagick's image processing functionality by adding loadable modules to a preferred location rather than copying them into the ImageMagick installation directory. The formatting of the search path is similar to operating system search paths (i.e. colon delimited for Unix, and semi-colon delimited for Microsoft Windows). This user specified search path is searched before trying the default search path.
MAGICK_CODER_MODULE_PATH	Set path where ImageMagick can locate its coder modules. This path permits the user to arbitrarily extend the image formats supported by ImageMagick by adding loadable coder modules from an preferred location rather than copying them into the ImageMagick installation directory. The formatting of the search path is similar to operating system search paths (i.e. colon delimited for Unix, and semi-colon delimited for Microsoft Windows). This user specified search path is searched before trying the default search path.
MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH	Set path where ImageMagick can locate its configuration files. Use this search path to search for configuration (.xml) files. The formatting of the search path is similar to operating system search paths (i.e. colon delimited for Unix, and semi-colon delimited for Microsoft Windows). This user specified search path is searched before trying the default search path.
MAGICK_DEBUG	Set debug options. See -debug for a description of debugging options.
MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT	Set maximum amount of disk space in bytes permitted for use by the pixel cache. When this limit is exceeded, the pixel cache is not be created and an error message is returned.
MAGICK_ERRORMODE	Set the process error mode (Windows only). A typical use might be a value of 1 to prevent error mode dialogs from displaying a message box and hanging the application.
MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT	Set maximum number of open pixel cache files. When this limit is exceeded, any subsequent pixels cached to disk are closed and reopened on demand. This behavior permits a large number of images to be accessed simultaneously on disk, but with a speed penalty due to repeated open/close calls.
MAGICK_FONT_PATH	Set path ImageMagick searches for TrueType and Postscript Type1 font files. This path is only consulted if a particular font file is not found in the current directory.
MAGICK_HEIGHT_LIMIT	Set the maximum `height` of an image.
MAGICK_HOME	Set the path at the top of ImageMagick installation directory. This path is consulted by `uninstalled` builds of ImageMagick which do not have their location hard-coded or set by an installer.
MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT	Set maximum amount of memory map in bytes to allocate for the pixel cache. When this limit is exceeded, the image pixels are cached to disk (see MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT).
MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT	Set maximum amount of memory in bytes to allocate for the pixel cache from the heap. When this limit is exceeded, the image pixels are cached to memory-mapped disk (see MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT).
MAGICK_OCL_DEVICE	Set to `off` to disable hardware acceleration of certain accelerated algorithms (e.g. blur, convolve, etc.).
MAGICK_PRECISION	Set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.
MAGICK_SHRED_PASSES	If you want to keep the temporary files ImageMagick creates private, overwrite them with zeros or random data before they are removed. On the first pass, the file is zeroed. For subsequent passes, random data is written.
MAGICK_SYNCHRONIZE	Set to "true" to ensure all image data is fully flushed and synchronized to disk. There is a performance penalty, however, the benefits include ensuring a valid image file in the event of a system crash and early reporting if there is not enough disk space for the image pixel cache.
MAGICK_TEMPORARY_PATH	Set path to store temporary files.
MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT	Set maximum parallel threads. Many ImageMagick algorithms run in parallel on multi-processor systems. Use this enviroment variable to set the maximum number of threads that are permitted to run in parallel.
MAGICK_THROTTLE	Periodically yield the CPU for at least the time specified in milliseconds.
MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT	Set maximum time in seconds. When this limit is exceeded, an exception is thrown and processing stops.
MAGICK_WIDTH_LIMIT	Set the maximum `width` of an image.

Define arguments for the MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT, MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT, MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT, and MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT environment variables with SI prefixes (.e.g 100MB). MAGICK_WIDTH_LIMIT and MAGICK_HEIGHT_LIMIT accepts pixel suffixes such as MP for mega-pixels (e.g. 100MP).